Danish strain 1331 / Cepa
danesa 1331
GUÍA PARA INMUNIZACIÓN CONTRA LA TUBERCULOSIS
En general es aceptado que el mejor método para la
vacunación con BCG es con aguja vía intradérmica.
Este es el método más exacto pues la dosis puede ser medida con mayor precisión,
y su administración es controlada. Lo cual minimiza las reacciones adversas.
La vacuna multidosis es un liofilizado que se conserva
refrigerado a temperaturas entre 2 y 8 oC, se reconstituye para la aplicación y
se descarta a las 4 horas máximo.
La vacuna deja marca (cicatriz) que aparece a los pocos
días, al momento de la vacunación puede quedar en piel una pequeña ampolla,
parecida a la picadura de un mosquito, en el sitio de la inoculación que cede a
los pocos minutos.
Su indicación es para disminuir la posibilidad de padecer tuberculosis
y evitar las tuberculosis complicadas como la generalizada y la cerebral.
Información extraída del prospecto de la vacuna.
Alejandro Rísquez
Nicole Ritz, Nigel
Curtis. Tuberculosis - July 2009 (Vol. 89, Issue 4, Pages 248-251, DOI:
10.1016/j.tube.2009.03.002)
Mapping the global use of different BCG vaccine
strains
,
Received 3 February 2009; received in revised form 24 February 2009; accepted 23
March 2009. published online 19 June 2009.
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Abstract
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PDF
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Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is one of the oldest and most
commonly administered vaccines worldwide. Different BCG vaccine strains exist
as a result of genetic changes that occurred during repeated subculture in
different countries before lyophilisation was introduced for storage of seed
lots in the 1960s. Increasing evidence suggests that these genetically
divergent BCG vaccine strains are associated with different protective efficacy
against tuberculosis (TB), different rates of adverse events and variable
susceptibility to anti-tuberculous drugs. Information on which BCG vaccine
strains are used in each country worldwide has not previously been collated.
This report summarises data from the EuroTB network and from WHO/UNICEF in the
first map depicting the BCG vaccine strains used globally. In 83 (44%) of 188
countries, more than one BCG vaccine strain was used during the five year
period. In the countries that used only one strain, BCG Denmark was used in 32,
BCG Russia/Bulgaria in 30, BCG Japan in eight, BCG Connaught in two. Twelve
countries used their locally-produced BCG vaccine strains. The considerable
variation in BCG vaccine strains used worldwide highlights the importance of
documenting the particular vaccine strain used on an individual, local and
national level. This is important for the interpretation of changes in the
epidemiology of adverse events after BCG immunisation, for the management of
adverse events after BCG immunisation, to interpret differences in the
protective efficacy of BCG, and to inform the design of trials investigating
novel TB vaccines.
